油气管道施工爆破对周边环境的影响及防治

Effect and prevention of blasting in pipeline construction on environment

采用爆破技术实行管沟开挖,是长输油气管道通过石方段施工的主要方法之一,爆破对周边环境的影响主要源于爆炸产生的振动波和声波。因此,爆破施工前对爆破点周围环境因素进行识别和评价,结合岩性分布合理选择爆破方法,对影响爆破振动和声波的安全距离、炸药量以及药孔深度、间距、排距等参数进行科学分析,运用萨道夫斯基经验公式,结合实际情况,计算爆破振动速度、声波分贝、声压级等,有助于预防和减少爆破振动波和声波对周围建(构)筑物及环境的影响。同时,掌握距爆破点50 m范围内建(构)筑物及环境情况,采取有效的安全保护措施,对实施安全爆破和减少环境影响十分重要。

Blasting is a major method to excavate trench for pipeline in rocky areas, and the effects on environment of explosion mainly derive from the vibration wave and acoustic wave produced by blasting. Therefore, in order to prevent and reduce the hazards from the vibration wave and acoustic wave on the surrounding buildings and environment, it is necessary to recognize and evaluate the environment around the blasting point before construction, choose proper blasting methods in line with lithology distribution, analyzes parameters influencing the vibration and acoustic wave, like safe distance, explosive volume, hole depth for explosive material, spacing and distance between two rows, and calculate the speed of blast vibration, acoustic dB, sound pressure level and so on by using Sadaovsky empirical formula in combination with the actual situation. At the same time, a good understanding to the surrounding buildings and environment within 50 m onto the blasting point and effective security protection measures are of great importance for safe blasting and reducing hazards for the environment. （1 Figure, 3 Tables, 6 References）