永春县水稻土肥力状况及其若干指标演变特点

Fertility and Changes on Indices of Paddy Soils in Yongchun County

根据2 435个稻田耕层土样的常规5项,以及其中的400个代表性土样的土壤全量氮磷钾、有效钙镁硫和硼锌等养分肥力指标的测定结果,探讨永春县水稻土肥力状况,评价近30年来水稻土pH、有机质、全氮和有效磷等肥力指标的动态变化特点。参照福建省稻田耕地养分肥力等级划分标准,结果表明,稻田土壤普遍出现偏酸现象,有机质含量总体处于中等水平;土壤供氮和供钾强度处于中等偏低水平,但土壤Olsen-P含量总体处于丰富状态;土壤供镁和供硫强度处于中低水平,有效硼含量处于严重缺乏状态,但土壤交换性钙和有效锌则为丰富。与第二次土壤普查结果相比,近30年来,全县土壤有机质和全氮平均含量分别提高了27.9%和32.1%,有效磷含量则平均提高了4.1倍,但全县水稻土呈现不同程度酸化现象,土壤pH平均从5.4下降到5.0。研究结果为永春县稻田因土施肥和具有针对性的土壤培肥技术提供了科学依据。

Five regular tests on 2 ,435 plough layer soil samples from the paddy fields in Yongchun County ,as well as the total N ,P and K and available Ca ,Mg ,S ,Zn and B in 400 soil samples ,were conducted and data collected for the analysis .The changes in nearly 30 years on the soil＆#39;s fertility and characteristic indices were evaluated .In reference to the provincial grading system ,the paddy soils were acidic ,the organic matters on average in the medium to high level ,and the N and K supplies in the medium to low level ,the available P rich ,Mg and S in the medium to low level ,the effective boron short or severely low ,and the exchangeable calcium and zinc generally abundant .The contents of organic matters and total N have increased 27.9% and 32.1% , respectively , and the available P increased 4.1 times since the Second Soil Survey .The paddy soils showed different degrees of acidification with a pH decreased from 5.4 to 5.0 on average .The information could be used as a guideline for appropriate fertilization in Yongchun County .