2013年世界主要国家油气及相关能源政策分析

Major countries' oil, gas and related energy policies in 2013

2013年,资源国和消费国的能源政策出现了明显的差异。资源国政策以释放油气行业活力、增强竞争力、开拓市场为目的。美、俄相继放开LNG出口,墨西哥能源改革拉开序幕,俄罗斯等国通过出售股权等形式引入私人资本,并通过一系列财税政策增强项目的盈利性,吸引投资。多国开始调整政策加快本国非常规资源开发进程,并通过提高能效、健全税收制度促进本国的清洁能源发展。欧洲、日本等国家和地区核电政策出现新变化,核电发展出现新转机。欧洲各国继续削减对可再生能源的补贴,碳税推进步伐趋稳,多国出台财税政策,支持以天然气为代表的清洁能源发展。发展清洁能源是资源国和消费国的共同政策导向。

In 2013 energy policies differed greatly between major resource and consuming countries. Resources country policy was aimed at increasing the vitality and competitiveness of the oil and gas industry and developing markets for this purpose. The US and Russia have liberalized LNG exports. Mexico kicked off energy reform. Russia and other countries introduced private capital by selling government stakes and in other ways, and enhance project profitability through a series of fiscal and tax policies to attract investment. Many countries began adjusting their policies to accelerate unconventional resources development and, by improving energy efficiency and the country's tax system, to promote clean energy development. Nuclear policy has new possibilities in Europe, Japan and other countries with the emergence of nuclear power policy changes. Various European countries continued to cut down on subsidies for new and renewable energy. There was steady progress toward a carbon tax. Many countries introduced fiscal policies to support exploration for natural gas as a form of clean energy. Developing clean energy was a common goal for both resource and consuming countries.