先天性白内障视觉矫正和术后视觉训练的研究进展

Advances in visual correction and postoperative visual treatment of congenital cataract

先天性白内障依然是造成儿童终生视力损害的重要疾病之一。相比于成人白内障,手术并发症多,治疗过程复杂,特别是弱视的发生,严重影响预后,所以术后视觉训练十分必要。目前先天性白内障术后视觉矫正的方法包括框架眼镜、角膜接触镜和人工晶状体的联合应用,但对于人工晶状体度数计算、植入时机和类型的选择等仍存在争议。遮盖治疗与视觉训练是术后避免弱视的重要手段。严格掌握遮盖患眼或健眼的时间和疗程,同时辅以视觉训练,可以明显提高视觉敏锐度和色觉敏感度,以期双眼视功能得到恢复和正常发育。

Congenital cataract is one of the important diseases that cause irreversible visual impairment on children. Compared with adult cataract, the surgery of congenital cataract is more complicated and the complications are more severer, especially the postoperative amblyopia often leads to bad prognosis. Therefore, the postoperative treatment is necessary to obtain the better visual outcome.The traditional visual correction methods after surgery include the combined use of spectacles, contact lens, and intraocular lens （ IOL ） , but some problems such as IOL power calculation and IOL implantation time are still controversial. Besides, occlusion therapy and visual training are also essential for preventing amblyopia after cataract surgery.Occlusion in an appropriate dose and course must be mastered, accompanied by visual training. Both of the operative eyes and normal eyes will be able to achieve much better visual acuity and color sensitivity, so that the binocular vision can recover and develop as normal function.