水生甲壳类蜕皮发生过程及其影响因素的研究与进展

Review of Aquatic Crustaceans Molting and Its Influencing Factors

甲壳类的蜕皮发生贯穿甲壳类的整个生命周期,与其生长、发育及繁殖息息相关。相对于其他生物,甲壳类的生长是非连续性的,每次蜕皮过程都需要蜕去旧表皮,合成新表皮,同时体宽与体重在较短时间内实现一次跨越式增长。影响甲壳类的蜕皮发生的因素众多,本文重点从内源因子(蜕皮激素、蜕皮抑制激素、蜕皮激素受体与维甲类X受体、性腺发育)与外源因子(温度、光照、盐度、钙离子、饵料与污染物)两个方面概括总结了影响水生甲壳类蜕皮发生的关键因子及其国内外研究进展,分析了其关键因子对水生甲壳类蜕皮发生的影响机制,并尝试对水生甲壳类蜕皮发生当前存在的主要问题进行讨论。

Crustacean＇ s life history composed of molting, which was closely related to the crustacean growth, development, reproduction. Comparing with other creatures, Crustaceans grew discontinuously by molting： the complete shedding of the hardened exoskeleton and the formation of a new one, aI^d the body width and weight to achieve a leapfrog growth in a relatively short period of time. Variability in growth was manifested as more or less frequent molting, depending on intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors that affected aquatic crustaceans molting include molting hormone, molting-inhibiting hormone, ecdysteroid receptor, retinoid X receptor and gonad development. Extrinsic factors that affected molting include temperature, light, salinity, food supply, Ca2. and pollution. In this review, we summarized the principal factors which affect the growth of aquatic crustaceans molting, focusing on influence of the intrinsic mechanism, and provided an overview of research progresses in the molting of aquatic crustaceans at home and abroad. Finally, we discussed the future direction of development of aquatic crustacean molting and growth.