短时间高温对田间麦长管蚜的防治效果

Effectiveness of high-temperature treatment as a means of controlling Sitobion avenae(Fabricius)

【目的】了解短时间高温对麦长管蚜Sitobionavenae（Fabricius）的致死效应，为探索其田间使用技术奠定基础。【方法】采取“对靶”和“非对靶”喷施热风的方法，观测了对叶片和麦穗上麦长管蚜的防治效果。【结果】在非对靶55℃高温处理15s时间，叶片上蚜虫下降率仅达到43％，其防治效果不够理想。但“对靶”热风处理表明，叶片上蚜虫脱落率及脱落后蚜虫的死亡率均随着处理温度升高和处理时间延长而增加，最大脱落率可达80％以上；在65℃下，未脱落的麦蚜第3天后全部死亡。穗部的不同短时间高温处理组合试验表明，在55℃6s及以上高温处理时间组合下的虫口减退率超过90％。产量（千粒重）测定表明，55℃6s、55℃10s、65℃3s与喷施吡虫啉药剂对照相当，即这些处理组合的保产效果明显；65℃6s、75℃3s、85℃3s处理组合虽然蚜虫减退率高，但保产效果不理想。【结论】55℃6～10s的短时高温处理麦长管蚜可产生理想的防治效果和保产作用。

[Objectives] To assess the effectiveness short term exposure to high temperature as a means of controlling Sitobion avenae （Fabricius）. [Methods] The effects of short-term exposure to high temperature as a method of controlling S. avenae on wheat leaves was investigated. [Results] Undirected heat was not a very effective way of controlling aphids which declined by only 43% after exposure to 55℃ for 15 s. Expulsion and death rates increased with increasing temperature and duration of exposure; the highest expulsion rate was 〉 80%. Aphids that didn＇t leave died after three days. The rate of decline rate was 〉 90% after exposure to 55℃ for 6 s or to 〉 55℃ for 6 s. There was no difference in the weight of a thousand seeds treated with either 55℃ for 6 s, 55℃ for 10 s, 65℃ for 3 s or rimidaclopid, suggesting that all these temperature treatments can maintain wheat yield. Although the 65℃ for 6 s, 75℃ for 3 s and 85℃ for 3 s treatments can lead to a high decline of aphids, they were less successful at maintaining wheat yield. [Conclusion] Exposure to 55℃ for 6 to 10 seconds was the best control method in terms of reducing aphid numbers and maintaining wheat yield.