不同氮水平对麦二叉蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the development and fecundity of Schizaphis graminum(Rondani)

【目的】探究施肥量与蚜虫生长发育和繁殖的关系。【方法】对小麦进行不同氮水平处理,观察并检测麦二叉蚜Schizaphis graminum(Rondani)发育历期、生殖力和小麦叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量的变化。【结果】随着氮水平增加,麦二叉蚜发育历期缩短;高氮水平(600 mg/L)处理的麦二叉蚜生殖力明显高于其他氮水平(60、150、300 mg/L)处理,其中150 mg/L氮水平处理,蚜虫的内禀增长率、净增殖率、周限增长率等最低,种群数量增加最小;不同氮水平处理小麦叶片可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量有明显变化,随着氮水平的增加,可溶性糖含量降低、可溶性蛋白含量增加;蚜虫内禀增长率与叶片可溶性糖含量呈负相关,与可溶性蛋白含量呈正相关,且均达到显著水平。【结论】不同氮水平可通过改变叶片内可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的含量影响蚜虫的繁殖和种群的增长。

[Objectives] To explore the relationships between nitrogen fertilizer application and wheat aphid developmental duration and fecundity. [Methods] The developmental duration and fecundity of the aphid Schizaphis graminum （Rondani） and the amount of foliar soluble protein and soluble sugar in wheat were measured on wheat plants treated with different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer. [Results] The developmental duration of aphids decreased with increasing nitrogen levels and fecundity was significantly higher at 600 mg/L nitrogen than at 60 mg/L, 150 mg/L and 300 mg/L nitrogen. The intrinsic rate of increase, net value-added rate, finite rate of increase and the amount of population increase were lowest at 150 mg/L nitrogen. Foliar soluble sugar increased, and foliar soluble protein decreased, with increasing of nitrogen. Wheat aphids＇ intrinsic rate of population increase was significantly, negatively correlated with the amount of foliar soluble sugar but significantly, positively correlated with the amount of foliar soluble protein. [Conclusion] Different nitrogen levels affected wheat aphids＇ fecundity and population growth by changing the amount of foliar soluble sugar and soluble protein in wheat plants.