浅析广州市海珠区社区老年人慢性病分布情况及影响因素和对策

Influence factors and countermeasures for chronic diseases distribution of community elderly in Haizhu district Guangzhou

目的探讨广州市海珠区社区老年人慢性病患病情况及相关影响因素和对策。方法 2010年9月—12月随机法抽取我服务中心所管辖社区的家庭档案,采用自编社区老年人健康行为和慢性病调查表,通过问卷方式调查,对家庭中年龄≥60岁的老年人进行健康信息调查,对数据进行整理分析。结果老年人慢性疾病前五位为高血压病、糖尿病、冠心病、脑血管疾病及颈腰椎疾病,患病率分别为33.5%、30.7%、30.2%、28.5%、27.4%。我社区老年人吸烟率、饮酒率分别为33.5%、28.8%,每日食盐大于6g者48.3%,高脂饮食38.0%,43.0%不参加体育锻炼,每天睡眠小于8小时的占61.7%,不参与社会活动者44.9%,体重指数大于24者54.2%。除文化程度与老年人患慢性病无相关关系外(P>0.05),吸烟、饮酒、嗜盐、高脂饮食、运动锻炼、睡眠时间的长短、社会活动、不良婚姻以及超体重指数均为老年人患慢性病的相关危险因素。结论社区卫生服务中心应从纠正老年人不良生活习惯及不良行为做起,指导饮食和身体锻炼等,从而提高社区老年人身心健康。

Objective To analysis the distribution and relative risks factors and countermeasures of chronic diseases in elderly in Haizhu community of Guangzhou city. Methods 358 cases were selected and investigated about status of chronic diseases and its related factors in Haizhu community at random from September 2010 to December 2010. Results The top five chronic diseases were hypertension （33.5%） , diabetes （30. 7% ） , coronary heart disease （30. 2% ） , cerebrovaseular disease （28.5%） , cervical vertebra and lumbar vertebra disease （27.4%） in our community elderly. The main incorrect life manner were smoking （28.8%）, drinking （33.5%）, consume more salt （48.3%）, high fat diet （38.0%）, no physical exercise （43.0%）, sleeping less than 8 hours a day （61.7%）, no social activities （44. 9% ）, BMI greater than 24 （54. 2% ）. Smok- ing, drinking, more salt diet, high fat diet, no physical exercise and social activities, sleeping less than 8 hours a day and BMI greater than 24 are all relative risks factors for chronic diseases in community elderly. Conclusion Community Health Centre should correct elderly people bad life habits and bad behavior and instruct the diet and physical exercise manner to improve the physical and mental health for the elderly in community.