1Hemmelgarn BR, Moist LM, Lok CE, et al. Prevention of dialysis catheter malfunction with recombinant tissue plasminogenactivator[J].N Engl J Med, 2011, 364 (4): 303- 312.
2Power A,Singh S, Ashby D, et al. Translumbar central venous catheters for long-term haemodialysis [J].Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2010,25 (5) : 1588-1595.
3Wilkieson T, Ingram A, Crowther MA, et al. Low-intensity adjusted-dose war{arin for the prevention of hemodialysis catheter failure= a randomized, controlled tria[J]. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol,2011,6(5) = 1018 -1024.
3NKF-KDOQI Vascular Access Work Group. Clinical practice guidelines for vascular access [J]. Am J Kidney Dis, 2006,48 (Suppl 1) :S248-S273.
4Rayner HC, Pisoni RL. The increasing use of hemodialysis catheters: evidence from the DOPPS on its significance and ways to reverseit[J]. Semin Dial, 2010,23 ( 1 ) : 6-10.
5Dogra GK, Herson H, Hutchison B, et al. Prevention of tunneled hemodialysis catheter-related infections using catheter-restricted filling with gentamicin and citrate: a randomized controlled study[J]. J Am Soc Nephrol, 2002,13 (8) :2133-2139.
6Mandolfo S,Piazza W,Galli F. Central venous catheter and the hemodialysis patient: a difficult symbiosis [J]. J Vasc Access, 2002,3(2) :64-73.
7Mehall JR, Saltzman DA, Jackson RJ, et al. Fibrin sheath enhances central venous catheter infectionrJ-. Crit Care Med, 2002,30(4): 908-912.
8Chan MR. Hemodialysis central venous catheter dysfunction [J]. Semin Dial,2008,21(6) :516-521.
9Suojanen JN, Brophy DP, Nasser I. Thrombus on indwelling central venous catheters: the histopathology of " Fibrin sheaths"[J]. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2000, 23 ( 3 ) : 194-197.
10Chou CY,Kuo H L, Yung YF, et al. C-reactive protein predicts vascular access thrombosis in hemodialysis patients[J]. Blood Purif, 2006,24 (4) : 342-346.