对百年乡土教材目标定位变化的检视

An Examination of Goal Orientation Changes of Local Textbooks in the Past Century

从将乡土教材定位为救国救难的利器加以实施到将乡土教材作为统编教材的补充以适应地区差异的需要,这一过程说明了百年乡土教材目标定位的变化,也说明了不同时期对乡土教材的期许。社会需要的影响、国家意志的介入和教育思潮的推动等促成这一变化。今后乡土教材发展的定位首先应基于乡土知识的习得与乡土文化的熏陶,在此基础上获得对乡土的认同,最后以乡土教材为手段,实现重建中国人失落的"精神家园"之目标。

The Local Textbooks were firstly defined as the most effective tools for saving the country and then functioned to supplement the teaching material to meet the needs of the regional differences. The process has shown the change of goal orientation of local textbooks in the past century. Factors contributing to this change include the influence of social needs, the will of the state intervention and promotion of the education thought. The positioning for future Local Textbooks development should be based on the acquisition of local knowledge and local culture, identification of the local, and finally the reconstruction of Chinese people＇s loss of the goal of ＂spiritual home＂.