城镇化进程中农户土地退出意愿影响因素分析

Analysis of influence factors of farmers' willingness to quit right of contractual and management of rural land in progress of urbanization

随着城镇化进程的不断加快,鼓励农户退出土地承包经营权以提高土地资源的利用效率成为解决土地资源短缺的关键途径。为了分析农户土地承包经营权退出意愿的影响因素,利用陕西省关中地区579户农户调研数据,运用结构方程模型,对农户土地退出意愿的影响因素及影响方向进行了研究。研究结果表明:农户家庭特征中的人均收入、离最近县城的距离、家庭总收入、户主文化程度,农户生产特征中的农业收入、耕地经营面积、劳动力数量,农户意识特征中的农户产权意识、农户行为意识、农户福利意识、农户技能意识,对农户的退地意愿产生显著影响。研究结果表明农户土地承包经营权退出意愿是受到多因素综合影响的,并且各影响因素之间也存在一定的共变关系。对农户土地退出意愿的影响因素进行分析可以为制定合理的土地退出政策和机制提供意见参考。

During the rapid progress of urbanization in China, the shortage of land resources have become a serious problem limiting the improvement of social economic development. A recognized better way and a key method to solve the land resource shortage problem, especially for the arable land, is to encourage farmers to quit the right of contract and management of rural land. This paper is based on the study framework of the farmers’ willingness to quit the right of contract and management of rural land and the rural survey data of 579 households in Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province. The principal component analysis method and structural equation model are implemented in this the research. Firstly, the principal component analysis method is used to reduce the dimension of indicators. Eight indicators are excluded and eleven indicators are reserved to be utilized as the influence factors in the Structural Equation Model. All the eleven indicators are classified into three kinds of groups. They are household family features, household produce features and household awareness features. Secondly, the Structural Equation Model is applied to analyze the influence factors and the influence direction of farmers’ willingness to quit the right of contract and management of rural land. The results are as follows：Four indicators in the group of household family characteristics, household per capita income, the distance from county, the total income of the family, and the education degree of the householder, affect the farmers’ willingness to quit the right of contract and management of rural land positively. Three indicators in the group of household production characteristics, total agricultural income, farmland area and the number of labor in family, show a positive influence on farmers’ willingness to quit the right of contract and management of rural land. Four indicators in the group of household awareness characteristics, the awareness of property right, the awareness of behavior, the awareness of welfare, and the awareness of nonagricultural skills, have a significant positive impact on farmers’ willingness to quit the right of contract and management of rural land. It could be concluded that famers’ willingness to quit the right of contract and management of rural land is affected by a variety of factors and that all of the influencing factors have a covariance relationship with each other. The meaning of analyzing the influence factors of farmers’ willingness to quit the right of contract and management of rural land could provide a reference for the development of reasonable rural land quitting policies and mechanisms.