2003-2012年本院飞行人员住院疾病谱分析

Disease spectrum of pilots admitted to our hospital from 2003 to 2012

目的分析本院飞行人员住院疾病谱特点及其演变规律,为现阶段航卫保障提供理论依据。方法整理2003年1月-2012年12月在我院治疗的1 228例飞行人员的住院病历,分析主要疾病的构成以及10年来的演变规律,并比较不同机种人员的资料。结果前10位疾病是颈腰椎病、高血压病、胃肠炎、脂肪肝、呼吸道感染、泌尿系结石、高脂血症、头痛、睡眠障碍、胆囊息肉,主要涉及消化内科、骨科、泌尿外科、神经内科、心血管内科等专科。近5年,脂肪肝、高脂血症、高尿酸血症、呼吸道感染的发病率较前显著增加(P<0.05),高血压病、头痛、睡眠障碍、前列腺炎的发病率较前显著降低(P<0.05)。其中,直升机人员的脂肪肝、呼吸道感染发生率显著高于其他机种;高血压病在运输机人员中的发生率较高;歼击机飞行员颈腰椎病的发生率显著高于非歼击机飞行员;高尿酸血症、胃肠炎在不同机种人员中的发病有显著差异。结论飞行人员常见疾病是颈腰椎病、高血压病、胃肠炎、脂肪肝等,常见疾病的构成比随时间变化而改变,不同机种飞行人员的高发疾病谱不同,应加强开展针对性的个性化防治。

Objective To provide the theoretical basis for aerospace medical support by analyzing the characteristics and evolution rules of disease spectrum in pilots admitted to our hospital from 2003 to 2012. Methods The major diseases and their evolution rules in 1 228 pilots admitted to our hospital from 2003 to 2012 were analyzed by reviewing their medical histories. Clinical data about these pilots flying different types of aircrafts were compared. Results The top 10 diseases in pilots were cervical lumbar diseases, hypertension, gastroenteritis, fatty liver, respiratory infections, urinary stones, hyperlipidemia, headache, sleep disorder, gallbladder polyps, mainly involving departments of gastroenterology, orthopedics, urinary surgery, neurology and cardiology. The incidence of fatty liver, hypeflipidemia, hyperuricemia, respiratory infections was significantly higher whereas that of hypertension, headache, sleep disorder, prostatitis was significantly lower in recent 5 years than in 5 years ago （P 〈 0.05）. The incidence of fatty liver and respiratory infection was significantly higher in helicopter pilots than in those flying other types of aircrafts （P 〈 0.05）. The incidence of hypertension was higher in transport aircraft pilots than in those flying other types of aircrafts （P 〈 0.05）. The incidence of cervical lumbar diseases was significantly higher in fighter pilots than in non-fighter pilots （P 〈 0.05）. The incidence of hyperuricemia and gastroenteritis was significantly different in pilots flying different types of aircrafts （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Cervical lumbar disease, hypertension, gastroenteritis, fatty liver, etc, are most frequently encountered in pilots and vary with time. The spectrum of high incident diseases is different in pilots flying different types of aircrafts and measures should be taken for prevention and treatment of these diseases.