人工打花对黄芩药材生物量和有效物质积累的影响

Effects of Defloration on the Accumulation of Biomass and Bioactive Substances of Scutellaria baicalensis

研究人工打花对黄芩药材生物量和有效物质积累的影响,为生产上提高黄芩药材产量和质量提供科学依据。在黄芩种植基地随机设置打花处理和不打花处理(对照)2个试验区,黄芩开花期间,在打花处理区内将黄芩花蕾全部人工除掉,不打花处理(对照)区保持花蕾正常生长,常规管理。采收期分别于两试验区内随机取样,测量黄芩地上鲜重、地下鲜重、地下干重、根长、分根数、最大根粗、平均根粗以及株高等生物量指标;采用HPLC法测定黄芩根中黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素等有效物质含量。结果表明:人工打花处理显著提高黄芩地下分根数和地下干重,分别高出对照61.11%和50.00%(p<0.05),有效物质黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷和黄芩素总量较对照组分别提高52.49%、51.66%和55.56%(p<0.05);打花处理提高黄芩地下部分鲜重,高出对照25.00%,但未达到显著性差异(p>0.05);打花处理对黄芩地上鲜重、最大根粗和平均根粗、株高以及根长等未产生显著性影响(p>0.05)。打花处理使黄芩根中黄芩苷含量提高1.65%,汉黄芩苷含量高1.07%,黄芩素含量高2.86%,但均未达到显著性差异(p>0.05)。人工打花处理对黄芩药材生物量和有效物质积累有积极促进作用,打花处理可作为生产上提高黄芩药材生物量和有效物质积累的有效措施之一。

Effects of Defloration on the accumulation of biomass and bioactive substances of Scutellaria ba- icalensis were examined to provide the scientific guidance for improving the quality of radix scutellariae, a traditional Chinese crude drug. During the flowering season, all the buds of tested plants were removed. Compared to the control （without removing the buds）, the number of split-roots and underground dry weight increased by 61.11% and 50.00%, respectively. The total amounts of baicalin, wogonoside, and baicalein that contained in the roots of an individual plant increased by 52.49%, 51.66%, 55.56%, re- spectively. Underground fresh dry weight, maximum root diameter, average root diameter, plant height and root length significantly different from those of the control （p〉0. 05）. The contents of baicalin, wogonoside, and baicalein in the roots increased by 1.65%, 1.07% and 2.86%, respectively, which not significantly different from those of the control. It was concluded that defloration management could remarkably improve the accumulation of biomass and bioactive substances.