“养分平衡—地力差减法”确定适宜施肥量的新应用公式

A new application formula for determining the appropriate amount of fertilizer application with the methods of nutrient balance and dissimilar subtraction of soil fertility

为了获得一个与"土壤养分丰缺指标法"结合紧密、便于应用的确定适宜施肥量的新应用公式,以期使土壤养分丰缺指标体系建设减少试验工作量、简单易行,研究在对"养分平衡—地力差减法"确定适宜施肥量现有计算公式系统评析的基础上,选择实用性相对较强的应用公式进行改造:适宜施用养分量=(目标产量-基础产量)×单位经济产量作物吸收养分量÷养分当季利用率;改造方案为以"缺素处理产量"替代"基础产量",将"全肥处理产量"作为"目标产量",把"缺素处理相对产量"引入公式,用"单位经济产量作物移出养分量"替代"单位经济产量作物吸收养分量"。结果表明:经过推导得到一个新应用公式,适宜施用养分量=(1-缺素处理相对产量)×目标产量作物移出养分量÷养分当季利用率。利用新应用公式,在建立土壤养分丰缺指标之"常规5处理"田间试验基础上,无需再增加任何试验处理,即可直接计算出不同丰缺级别土壤的适宜施肥量。

To get a new application formula for determining the appropriate amount of fertilizer application,which is linked closely with the meth- od of abundance and deficiency index for soil nutrient, and is convenient for application, in order to make the construction of the system of abun- dance and deficiency index for soil nutrient to reduce the test workload and become simple and easy to do. Based on the systematic analysis of the existing formula for determining the appropriate amount of fertilizer application with the methods of nutrient balance and dissimilar subtrac- tion of soil fertility, the applied formula with relatively strong practical application was chosen for reforming. Based on the original formula, which was appropriate nutrient application rates = （the target yield - the basic yield） × the amount of nutrient absorption by crops for eco- nomic yield per unit÷ seasonal nutrient utilization rate, the reformed scheme was as follows： using ＂the yield with the treatment of all nutrients except one＂ instead of ＂the basic yield＂ ; using ＂the yield with the treatment of all nutrients＂ as ＂the target yield＂ ; introducing ＂the relative yield with the treatment of all nutrients except one＂ into the formula; using ＂the nutrient removal amount by crops for economic yield per unit＂ instead of ＂the amount of nutrient absorption by crops for economic yield per unit＂. The results showed that a new applied formula was derived as follows ： appropriate nutrient application rates = （ 1 - the relative yield with the treatment of all nutrients except one）× the nutrient remov- al amount by crops for the target yield ÷ seasonal nutrient utilization rate. The results indicate that on the base of the field experiments with ＂ conventional 5 treatments＂ for building the abundance and deficiency index for soil nutrient,the appropriate amount of fertilizer application for the soils with different abundance and deficiency levels can be calculated directly by the new applied formula without needing any additional test treatments.