住房不平等的阶层测度:基于上海六普数据的分析

An Analysis of Housing Class Inequality:Based on the Sixth Census of Shanghai

住房已成为城市居民的最重要甚至最主要的财产,而住房利益的分化也成为居民经济利益分化的最主要的标志。据各大城市的统计数据显示,城市人均住房建筑面积持续增加,住房状况持续改善。那么,住房条件的总体改进是被优势群体所占用,还是真正的平均?运用贝叶斯后验模型,基于第六次人口普查数据,对上海住房不平等进行阶层测度,研究发现:无论从户住房建筑面积,还是人均住房建筑面积,上海住房分布总体上存在较严重的阶层分化,且各圈层的阶层分化构成不同。如果开征房产税只考虑面积,不考虑区位的征收模式,就可能误伤部分中产阶层的利益,从而违背房产税征收"合理公平、兼顾效率"的本质。

Housing has become the most important property for urban residents. Housing differentiation has also become the most important sign of differentiation of the economic interests of residents. From the major cities in the statistics, per capita housing area has continued to increase, the residents＇ housing situation continues to improve. Then is the improvement occupied by the dominant groups, or the true average？ The paper uses Bayesian model to analyze the Shanghai based on the 6th Population Census. It finds that with the index of ＂Family housing housing inequality construction area＂ and ＂Per Capital housing construction area＂, Shanghai has class differentiation in housing distribution and four different locations have different housing stratification pattern. Secondly, housing tax may injure the interests of the middle class if just considering the area and neglecting location.