“宏观”集体行动理论视野下的跨界流域合作——以漳河为个案

Transboundary Cooperation in the Basin Governance Viewed from the Perspective of “Macro” Collective Action Theory:Taking Zhang River as an Example

新政治经济学将流域治理看作是一个集体行动问题,流域集体行动研究最为典型的是以奥斯特罗姆夫妇为代表的印第安纳学派,该学派倡导多中心的治理模式。我国目前尚未完全建立统一的流域行政,流域管理职责散落在流域所流经的各地政府手中,是一种"碎片化"式的单中心行政。近年来我国跨界水问题频发,这引发了对于既有流域治理机制进行变革的呼声。从晋冀豫漳河的案例分析可以看出,跨界流域治理的困境并非仅仅由于流域地方政府间缺少合作机制,更大的问题在于既有合作的低效。改革需要明确流域资源的"共有产权",赋予流域管理机构监督和惩罚流域地方政府的权力,并积极推动参与式流域管理。

The New Political Economy regards river basin governance as a collective action problem, and Bloomington School, whose representatives include Elinor Ostrom and Vincent Ostrom, has done the most outstanding researches in this field. Up to now, the basin governance responsibilities in China are dispersed among different local governments sharing the same basin, a typical fragmentary monocentric mode of administration. The increasing transboundary incidents call for a change in the existing governance mechanisms. According to the case study of the Zhang River that runs through Shanxi, Hebei and Henan Province, the problem with the current basin governance stems not only from the lack of cooperation mechanism among different local governments, but also from the inefficiency of current cooperation. The reform that is called for should clarify the ＂jointly owned properties＂ among the basin resources, endow basin governance agencies with the power to supervise and punish local governments in the basin area, and promote a mode of basin governance that in- volves the participation of local governments.