合预期确信标记“当然”

The Expectation-Certainty Marker Dāngrán

副词"当然"表达合乎预期的确信,既是确信标记,也是合预期标记。确信意义一方面由合预期意义推导而来,一方面由于极强的语义相关度获得了跟合预期几乎相等的编码地位。这两个意义在不同语境被凸显或被抑制,取决于诸多因素:"当然"的位置、跟上下文的粘连、说话人的语义重心等。这一过程也带来一系列语用后果:伴随着语气的变化、新功能的产生和初始意义的销蚀。强调功能、让步意义、补充意义和话语标记功能就是在编码意义或凸显或抑制的过程中产生的,它们都尚未编码,但一部分更偏向语用意义,而另一部分则更接近编码地位。

Adverb dngrdn （当然）, which is both a certainty marker and an expecta- tion marker, expresses certainties in line with expectations. The meaning of certainty, al- though derived from the meaning of expectation, gets the same encoded status as the meaning of expectation because there is a strong correlation between them. Many factors contribute to the saliency or inhibition of the two meanings in contexts of use, which in- clude location in the sentence, adhesion of context, focus of expression, etc. The process also brings about a series gence of new functions, an of pragmatic consequences, accompanied tone changes, emer d erosion of original meanings. The emphasizing function, con cession meaning, retroactive meaning and discourse marker function all emerge in the process. Although none has been encoded and some remain more pragmatically motivated, others have come pretty close to the status of being coded.