北京市医学类及非医学类高校本科学生对人体器官移植认知的对比研究

Cognition in human organ transplantation: comparative study between medical and non-medical college students in Beijing

目的了解北京市医学类与非医学类高校学生对人体器官移植认识程度及捐献意愿度,并探讨两类院校学生对器官移植的认知差异。方法采用问卷调查方法非概率抽样选取北京4所医学类高校和4所非医学类高校960名在校学生。调查内容包括对器官移植的认识程度、对大学校园内器官移植宣传的看法、个人器官捐献的意愿度三个方面。结果问卷回收率91.9%(882/960)。97.3%(858/882)的学生知晓器官移植这一概念,且93.9%(828/882)的学生认为器官移植是一项造福人类的事业。除媒体传播外,两类高校的学生在获取器官移植知识的途径上有差异(χ2=11.20,P<0.05)。医学院校内75.2%(306/407)的学生认为有必要进行器官移植的宣传,而非医院校内仅有58.1%(275/473)的学生认为器官移植的宣传是有必要的,两者比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=28.33,P<0.01)。在器官捐献意愿度方面,医学类高校学生捐献的意愿度远远高于非医学校学生(χ2=6.054,P<0.05)。结论北京市医学类与非医学类高校学生对器官移植有较好的了解和认识,但是在宣传的普及程度和捐献意愿度上两类高校学生存在较大差异。

Objective To learn about the level of cognition in human organ transplantation and willingness of donation in medical and non-medical college students in Beijing and to investigate the differences of cognition in organ transplantation between these two kinds of college students. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted by non-probability sampling in 960 students from 4 medical colleges and 4 non-medical colleges in Beijing. The contents of survey included 3 aspects ： level of cognition in organ transplantation, views of advertising organ transplantation in colleges and personal willingness of organ donation. Results The effective return-ratio is 91.9% （882/960）. Ninty-seven point three persent （858/882） of students knew about organ transplantation and 93.9% （828/882） regarded it was a career of benefiting mankind. There was significant difference in the approach of organ transplantation knowledge except media communication （X2 = 11.20, P 〈 0. 05 ）. Seventy-five point two percent （ 306/407 ） of medical college students thought it was necessary to advertise organ transplantation, while only 58. 1% （275/473） of non-medical college students thought it was necessary, where significant difference was observed （X2 = 28.33, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The willingness of organ donation in medical college students was significantly higher than that in non-medical college students （X： = 6. 054, P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusions Both the medical and non-medical college students in Beijing have good knowledge and understanding on organ transplantation, but there are obvious differences in popularity degree of advertising and willingness of donation between these two kinds of college students.