城市学龄儿童体力活动水平与超重/肥胖的相关性研究

The current status of physical activity in urban school-aged children and its association with obesity

目的 了解儿童体力活动现状,分析其对超重/肥胖的影响.方法 采用方便抽样抽取北京市某学校295名9～13岁学生并完成临床健康评估和计步器7d体力活动监测,同时使用问卷调查学校营养午餐食用情况、近半年体力活动情况及膳食习惯.应用多元线性回归分析BMI、WHtR、体脂百分比（FMP）与体力活动的关系.采用logistic回归模型分析体力活动相关指标与超重/肥胖发生风险的关联.结果 15.5％的男生和13.1％的女生每日中/高强度体力活动时间达到60 rmin.超重/肥胖儿童每日静态活动时间、每日总能量消耗（含基础代谢）和体力活动消耗能量高于体重正常组.WHtR、FMP和BMI均与体力活动消耗能量呈负相关关系;学生上下学乘私家车日均增加1h,WHtR、FMP分别上升0.01和2.06个单位.每日静态活动时间增加1h,FMP则升高0.89个单位.BMI与膳食中的叶类蔬菜（菠菜、白菜等）呈负相关关系,每周平均食用叶类蔬菜频率增加1次,BMI下降0.10个单位.控制性别、肥胖家族史后,静态活动时间≥120 min/d是超重/肥胖发生的危险因素.结论 我国城市学龄儿童每天的体力活动量较低,减少静态活动时间和增加体力活动以消耗能量,可预防和降低儿童超重/肥胖的发生.

Objective To understand the current status of physical activity among urban school-aged children and its association with obesity.Methods 295 pupils,aged 9 to 13 years were selected,using the method of convenience sampling.Data on anthropometric measurements was collected,including weight and height.Questionnaire survey,clinic examination,dietary investigation of school lunch and surveillance on 7-day physical activity by pedometers,were done and Multi-linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between waist to height ratio （WHtR）,fat mass percentage （FMP）,body mass index （BMI） and physical activity.Single-variable and multiple non-conditional logistic regression modeling were applied to analyze data collected from obesity and physical activities.Results 15.5% of boys and 13.1% of girls reached 60 minutes per day of ‘ moderate-vigorous physical activities’.Compared with normal children,overweight/obesity children showed an increase of sedentary activity time,total energy expenditure,and energy expenditure of physical activity.With the increase of 1 hours daily on going to school by private car,WHtR and FMP increased by 0.01 and 2.06 units,respectively.FMP increased 0.89 units among with the increase of sedentary activity time,1 hour daily.BMI and the intake of leafy vegetables （eg.spinach,cabbage）showed a negative correlation.As the frequency of leafy vegetables consumption increased once weekly,BMI fell 0.10 units.After adjustment for sex and age,the risk of overweight/obesity was 3.82-fold （95%CI：1.17-12.47） among children who had sedentary activity time more than 120 min/ d,than those having less than 120 min/d.Conclusion Our data showed that children＇ s daily physical activity was not enough and measures should be taken to decrease the time of sedentary behavior and increase the energy expenditure through physical activities.