居室装修建材种类和时期与儿童哮喘类症状的关系

Relationship between asthmatic symptoms in childhood and materials,duration of decoration in Shanghai

目的探讨居室装修建材种类、装修时期与儿童哮喘类症状的关系。方法于2011年4月-2012年4月对上海市3个市内行政区和2个郊区行政区的72所幼儿园的家长发放17898份问卷，并回收13335份由4-6岁儿童的家长填写的问卷，基于这些问卷，采用卡方检验和Logistic回归分析儿童卧室地板和墙面材料、新添置家具和居室装修时期与学龄前4-6岁儿童哮喘类症状（喘息、干咳和哮喘）的关系。结果66．7％和51．2％的家庭使用实木和乳胶漆分别作为儿童卧室地板和墙面材料。在母亲妊娠期间和儿童0～1岁问进行居室装修的家庭数量明显少于在母亲妊娠前1年内和儿童1岁后进行装修的家庭。以实木和强化木为地板材料的家庭的儿童发生干咳和哮喘的风险高于水泥（OR=1．11～2．13，P〈0．05，P〈0．01），墙面材料为乳胶漆和油漆的家庭的儿童发生干咳和哮喘的风险高于石灰（OR=1．10～1．27，P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。调整混杂因素后，使用实木或强化木的家庭的儿童干咳和哮喘的风险依旧高于水泥（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），且使用强化木的风险较高；上述4个时期添置新家具的家庭的儿童喘息和干咳的风险较高（AOR=1．13-1．23，P〈0．05，P〈0．01）；儿童0-1岁间进行居室装修的家庭的儿童干咳的风险较高（AOR=1．57，P〈0．01）。结论本次调查的上海居民对家庭装修的时间具有一定的选择性。与普通材料（水泥和石灰）相比，新型居室装修材料（实木、强化木等）可能会增加儿童患哮喘类症状的风险。妊娠期前后1年和儿童0-1岁期间添置新家具和居室装修的家庭的4-6岁儿童有-定的发生哮喘类症状的风险。

Objective To investigate the relationship between asthmatic symptoms in preschool children and decorative materials and durations. Methods From April 2011 to April 2012, the questionnaires were sent in 72 kindergartens in three urban districts and two suburban districts of Shanghai, and 13 335 questionnaires of children aged 4-6 years were recovered, which were used to analyze the associations by chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis. Results In Shanghai, 66.7% and 51.2% residents used solid wood and latex paint as floor materials and wall face materials in child＇s room respectively. The amounts of residential renovation during mother＇s pregnancy or children aged 0-1 year were obviously less than those during one year before mother＇s pregnancy or after children aged one year. For causing childhood dry cough and asthma, using solid wood and laminate wood as floor had higher risk in getting asthma or wheeze than using cement （OR=1.1 1-2.13,P〈0.05, P〈0.01）; Using latex paint and oil paint as wall-face materials had higher risk in getting dry cough and asthma than using lime （OR=1.10-1.27,P〈0.05,P〈0.01）. After adjustment of the potential confounders, using solid wood and laminate wood as floor had higher risk than using cement in inducing dry cough and asthma （A OR =l.13-1.23,P〈0.05,P〈0.01）. Moreover, using laminate wood had higher risk than using solid wood. Some positive associations between buying new furniture in different durations and children wheeze and dry cough were statistically significant as before. The positive association between decoration for families with children aged 0-1 year and children dry cough was still the strongest （AOR=1.57,P〈0.01）. Conclusion Shanghai residents have strong awareness in selecting the duration of residential renovation with considering pregnant woman＇s health and infant health. Compared with the ordinary materials （cement and lime）, the new-type decorative materials seems to increase the preschool children＇s risk in suffering from asthmatic symptoms. Early buying new furniture and residential renovation are risk factors for later asthmatic symptoms among preschool children.