孕期PM2.5暴露与新生儿生长发育关系的初步研究

Relationship between PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy and newborn's growth

目的了解孕期暴露PM2.5对新生儿生长发育的影响。方法于2012年9月—2013年8月,测定哈尔滨市郊区和哈尔滨市区大气PM2.5浓度,2013年4月—8月随机从市区和郊区抽取分娩的孕妇-新生儿各50对,并收集孕妇和新生儿的相关资料,检测新生儿脐静脉血清中铅、锰、铬水平及胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)、IGF-2水平。结果与郊区相比,市区大气PM2.5浓度、新生儿血清中铅、锰、铬水平均较高;IGF-1、IGF-2浓度较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。简单线性回归分析结果表明,对新生儿身长具有抑制性作用的因素包括母亲孕期被动吸烟、家庭装修、室内燃煤、新生儿高脐血铅水平,具有促进作用的因素包括高IGF-1水平和高IGF-2水平;对新生儿体重具有抑制性作用的因素包括新生儿高脐血铅水平和高脐血铬水平,具有促进作用的因素为高IGF-1水平。多重线性逐步回归分析结果表明,孕期居住在大气PM2.5较高地区、孕期被动吸烟、新生儿高脐血铅水平是影响新生儿身长的危险因素,高IGF-1水平和高IGF-2水平是影响新生儿身长的保护因素;未发现上述影响因素与体重的关联。结论孕期PM2.5暴露可能通过抑制新生儿体内IGF-1、IGF-2水平,从而抑制新生儿身长。

Objective To know the effects of PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy on newborn growth. Methods PM2.5 particles samplers were used to measure the atmospheric PM2.5 concentration in urban and suburb of Harbin form September 2011 to August 2012. The blood samples were collected in maternal and newborn blood at delivery from 50 mother-child pairs randomly selected in each area during April to August 2012, and the maternal and newborn basic information was collected at the same time. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine the blood level of lead, manganese, chromium. Human IGF-1 ELISA kit and human IGF-2 ELISA kit were adopted to detect the IGF-2,IGF-1 of the newborn＇s serum respectively. Results Compared with the suburb,PM2.5 annual average concentration, levels of blood lead,chromium, manganese in urban were higher, the： levels of IGF-1, IGF-2 in newborn were significantly lower （P〈0.05）. Newborn blood level of lead was negatively associated with IGF-1 and IGF-2 levels, height and weight （P〈0.05）, IGF-1 level was passively associated with height and weight （P〈0.05）, IGF-2 level was passively associated with height （P〈0.05）. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that living in high PM2.5 area and passive smoking during pregnancy were the main influencing factors of newborns growth. Conclusion PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy may decrease the newborn＇s height and weight, decreasing IGF-1 and IGF-2 levels may be involved in the mechanism.