中国建筑产业市场结构演进趋势三维系统分析

The Three-dimensional System Analysis on the Evolution Trend of Market Structure of Chinese Construction Industry

研究从系统的角度,提出了"规模结构、行业结构与专业结构"三维产业市场结构分析框架,为全面、系统地分析特定产业的发展状况提供了新的思路,并将研究思路运用到中国建筑产业中,分别分析中国建筑产业的规模结构、行业结构与专业结构的演进趋势。研究发现:从规模结构的角度看,近10年中国建筑产业市场企业规模不全相同,但是变化的程度比较稳定,整体上呈现出"竞争为主,局部垄断并存"的局面;从行业结构的角度看,房屋建筑行业企业众多、规模偏小,市场竞争激烈。与之相比,土木工程行业部门保护严重,市场竞争程度较低;从专业结构的角度看,中国建筑产业的总承包和专业承包失衡,总承包企业的数量过多而且规模偏大,而专业分工企业结构分布不合理,总承包企业与专业承包企业尚未建立起完善的分工协作关系。

This research proposes the analysis framework of three-dimensional market structure - ＂scale structure, industry structure and professional structure＂ from the system angle, and provides new idea to comprehensively and systematically analyze the development of specific industry. Besides, it is applied to Chinese construction industry. Based on the data from China Statistical yearbook（2001 -2010） and China construction Statistical yearbook （2001 -2009）, this paper analyzes the evolution trend of scale, industry and professional structure of Chinese con- struction industry. The research finds that： from the angle of scale structure, the enterprise scale in Chinese con- struction market is not exactly the same during the ten years, but the degree of change is relatively stable, which represents the situation that ＂it is main in the competition, as well as local monopoly＂; from the perspective of in- dustry structure, there are a great deal of enterprises in housing construction industry with a relatively small scale, and the market competition is strong. Compared with it, the departments in civil engineering industry are heavily protected and the degree of market competition is smaller; from the view of professional structure, there is unbal- ance between the general contractor and professional contractor. The number of the general contractor enterprise is excessive and the scale is big, while the structure distribution of the specialization enterprises is unreasonable. The general contractor enterprise and professional contractor enterprise haven＇ t built a perfectly collaborative relationship.