美国次贷危机对中国保障性住房制度建设的启示

Revelation of Subprime Lending Crisis of the United States to China's Policy on Housing Ensurance

城市低收入人群的住房问题是一个世界性难题。以美国为代表一些西方国家实行了以市场为主导的政策,取得了明显的成绩,但次贷危机深刻地揭示了企图完全依靠市场化的手段来解决低收入居民的住房问题也存在很大的风险。文章梳理了美国低收入人群住房保障的具体措施以及次贷危机对中国制定住房保障措施带来的新思考。中国政府在保障性住房制度设计上至少应该采取以下的措施:政府提供足够的具备公共配套设施的居住用地、相应的土地使用权、建筑材料,给予经济和技术支持;提供足够的就业机会和收入以保障住房市场并建立相应的制度,加强监管;由政府、社会组织或居民分层次主导不同类型的房屋建设、扩建、改造和环境维护。

The housing of the urban low-income is a world-wide problem. The developed countries in western world, such as United States, put into practice of the market-control housing policy. It succeeded well. But the recent subprime lending crisis has tremendously revealed that it is also crucial for the housing problems of low-incoming habitant by the means of market completely. In the present paper, based on the fore-mentioned background, re- ferring to research reports and academic papers on the movement of composing and management of the low-income habitants, the financial resource, design and construction methodologies, and also the distribution and supervised system, et al., the methodologies of the low-income housing system in United States was combed, while the re-con- sideration to the housing insure policy in the view of the subprime lending crisis was also discussed. In the present paper, it is suggested that the government should provide the land and its access for the residential house with nee- essary public facilities and the construction materials, and also support the housing construction financially and technically. The low-income housing should be divided into several categories for the different requirement of lowincome residents and managed by government, social organization and habitant themselves hierarchically. The government also should provide sufficient working chances to insure the housing market and set up the related policy, while carry out the inspection.