基于ISM法的公路隧道火灾事故致因研究

Research on causation of fire accident in highway tunnel based on ISM

以降低公路隧道火灾风险为目的,结合国内外公路隧道火灾特点及危害,分析研究了公路隧道火灾事故的致因。采用解释结构模型(ISM)分析各原因之间的层次关系,建立了4级递阶结构关系。结果显示:第一层致因为隧道中运行车辆的起火和隧道自身结构火灾起火;第二层为隧道中司乘人员引起的不同车辆火灾和隧道运营管理存在危险性;第三层为隧道中车辆的危险性预防和对隧道的安全检查;最深层原因集中于管理因素,安全教育、安全意识的形成和对安全监管的投入力度上,隧道运营管理者的行为措施。交通管理部门可以通过对公路隧道火灾起火原因分析出发,找出增强隧道安全性的有效途径。

With the purpose of reducing highway tunnel fire risk, combining with the domestic and foreign highway tunnel fire and the characteristic of fire hazards, the causes of highway tunnel fire were studied. Using interpretative structural modeling（ISM） method, the hierarchical relationships of the different causes were analyzed and a four-level structure stratum model was established. The results showed that： the first layer factors are vehicle fire in the tunnel and tunnel structure fire ; the second layer factors are different types of vehicle fire and tunnel operation management; the third level contains risk prevention and safety inspection in tunnels; the deepest factors focuses on safety education and management, the formation of safety awareness, safety investment and behavior of the tunnel administrative department. The traffic department can find out effective ways to prevent tunnel fire accidents and enhance the safety of tunnels according to the analysis on causes of highway tunnel fire.