玉米对水分亏缺的响应

Response of Maize to Water Deficit

对玉米不同生育时期的水分亏缺指标进行分析,从玉米对水分亏缺的生态响应、激素响应、抗氧化系统的响应、渗透调节物质的响应、蛋白质的响应、呼吸作用的响应、氮代谢的响应、光合作用的响应、核酸的响应等方面研究结果进行综述。玉米吐丝期遭受水分亏缺时,对产量影响最大;在玉米受到水分亏缺时,首先细胞膨压进行改变,然后诱导信号物质(ABA)大量产生来调节气孔的开闭,达到减少水分散失的目的,进一步影响光合作用,抑制物质生产,最终产物分配受到约束,收获指数降低,产量下降。对玉米进行适度水分亏缺可以提高玉米抗旱性和水分利用效率。

The standards of water deficit of maize at different growth stages were summarized, and maize response of ecological, hormone, antioxidant system, osmoregulation substance, protein, respiration, nitrogen metabolism, pho- tosynthesis and nucleic acid to water deficit were reviewed. The result showed that under water-limited conditions, the cell turgor was changed at first, then induced signal substance（ABA） produced in large amounts to the regulation of stomatal opening and closing to reduce water loss, further affected photosynthesis, inhibited substance production, product allocation was constrained, harvest index and yield dropped in the end, and when maize meet with water deficit at silking stage, the loss of yield is the largest. However, under reasonable water deficit, drought resistance and water use efficiency of maize are improved a lot.