土壤生态容量对玉米生长发育和产量的影响

Effect of Soil Ecological Capacity on the Growth and Yield of Maize

以密植品种郑单958和稀植品种丹玉39为试材,通过不同土壤量的盆栽试验来模拟不同的土壤生态容量,研究不同耐密植玉米品种生长发育所需的土壤生态容量以及土壤生态容量对玉米植株形态、光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明,随着土壤生态容量的增加,玉米株高、茎周长、叶面积、穗位叶光合速率、单株子粒重以及百粒重均呈上升趋势,说明土壤生态容量是玉米生长发育和产量形成的限制性因子。不同耐密植型品种对土壤生态容量的响应不同,12.5 kg土量处理的土壤生态容量可以满足耐密植型玉米品种郑单958的产量需求,郑单958的自我调控机制强,可以更好地适应较低的土壤生态容量,可能是其耐密植的主要原因之一。

The effects of different soil ecological capacity on plant morphology, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of density-tolerant variety of Zhengdan958 and thin planting variety of Danyu39 were studied. The results showed that plant hight, stem perimeter, leaf area, net photosynthesis rate of ear leaf, grain weight per ear and 100-kernel weight were both increased with the increment of soil ecological capacity. Effect of soil ecological capacity on different types of varieties was different, and density-tolerant hybrid had stronger self-regulatory mechanism, could better adapt to the lower soil ecological capacity.