位置大数据的分析处理研究进展

Research Progress in Location Big Data Analysis and Processing

大数据时代的到来,使得社会、科学和经济都发生了巨大的变革。当前,基于各种测量传感网络来感知人类个体和群体与自然环境和社会环境关系的泛在测绘所产生的位置大数据是大数据研究的重要组成部分。位置大数据已经成为当前用来感知人类社群活动规律、分析地理国情和构建智慧城市的重要战略资源。通过对位置大数据的处理分析,可从单纯的定位数据引申出人的社会属性以及与环境的关系,这极大地促进了计算机科学技术、数据科学技术与测绘科学技术的联系,形成了一种智能化、社会化的泛在测绘计算。在定义位置大数据概念的基础上,主要从以下三个方面对位置大数据进行了介绍和分析:1)位置大数据的分类、特征、作用与意义,以及涉及的研究方法体系;2)从社会感知、群体智能系统的建设和地理国情分析三个方面对位置大数据的应用分析进行了具体阐述;3)针对位置大数据的混杂型、复杂性、稀疏性以及研究需求,介绍了常用的位置大数据处理方法,包括地图、轨迹数据的预处理以及降维分析、协同挖掘等方面。

As the age of big data is coming, the social, science and economic have been undergoing a great revolution. At present the location big data mainly produced by ubiquitous mapping is an impor- tant part of the big data research. Ubiquitous mapping is to analyze the relation of human, including the individual and the group, to the natural and social environments. Location big data has become the important strategic resource for analyzing people＇s behavior patterns and geographic situation, and building smart city. Through the location big data processing and analyzing, the positioning data can be simply extended to the relationship of human social attributes and environments. This has greatly promoted the relations among computer, data and mapping technologies, and formed the ubiquitous mapping calculation with intelligence and socialization. This paper introduces the location big data mainly from three aspects： Firstly, the classification, feature, effect and significance of location big data; secondly, the connection applications of location big data in social awareness, swarm intelligence system development and geographic situation analysis; lastly, the common processing methods of lo- cation big data, including the maps and trajectory data preprocessing, dimension reduction analysis and collaborative mining.