关于魏晋参录尚书事制度的两个问题

Two Questions on the System of Coexisting Lu ShangShu in the Wei-Jin Dynasties

魏晋南朝时期,出现了二人或超过二人参录尚书事的制度。参录尚书事的人,彼此之间并无分工,而是对尚书事务共同负责。多人参录制,较之一人单录制,有两个好处:一是能凝聚更多的智慧,加强尚书事务的处理能力;二是能够形成尚书省长官之间的权力制衡,避免专权独断的局面。正是参录制度的两个制度优势,加上皇权有时式微的机缘因素,使得魏晋比十六国和南朝都更加盛行参录尚书事现象。

There was a system in the Wei--Jin dynasties that the rank of Lu Shangshu was assumed by two or more people. The ones who assumed Lu Shangshu jointly took responsibility for the affairs of shangshu province rather than dividing the work. Compared with the system that Lu Shangshu being assumed by only one man,the system that two or more people taking the position of Lu Shangshu showed two merits,the one of which was to condense more wisdom to timely manage the affairs with higher quality, and the other one was conducive for balan- cing the power between the officials, which made it less easy to monopolize the authorities. The two merits, in addi- tion to the occasional chances that the authority of the emperors was relatively weak, contributed to the phenome- non that Lu Shangshu being more frequently assumed by two or more people in Wei-Jin dynasties than in the peri- od of 16 states and the southern dynasties.