银杏叶和银杏外种皮提取液对松材线虫的毒杀作用

Toxic Action of Extracts from Leaf and Testa of Ginkgo biolaba against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

[目的]寻找高效低毒和低残留的植物源杀线剂。[方法]以甲醇、乙醇、丙酮和蒸馏水4种溶剂对银杏外种皮进行粗提,以甲醇、乙醇、乙醚和石油醚4种分析纯有机溶剂对银杏鲜叶进行粗提,都以蒸馏水作为对照,采用浓度稀释法测定不同溶剂提取物在24、48和72 h对松材线虫的抑制作用。[结果]银杏外种皮和银杏叶不同溶剂提取液对松材线虫都有抑制作用,外种皮提取液在200 mg/ml时,蒸馏水在第2天死亡率达到100%,丙酮提取液中的线虫死亡率也达到100%;外种皮提取液在20 mg/ml时,蒸馏水和乙醇提取液的死亡率达到84.9%。[结论]银杏外种皮提取液对松材线虫具有很好的抑制作用。

[Objective] The aim was to search high-efficiency,low-toxicity and low-residual nematicide.[Method] Four kinds of solvents including methanol,ethanol,acetone and distilled water were used for the crude extraction of ginkgo＇ s testa,while methanol,ethanol,diethyl ether and petroleum ether were applied for crude extraction of its fresh leaves.Inhibiting effect of different solvent extracts from testa and Ginkgo biolaba leaves against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was measured using the concentration dilution method.[Result] Different solvent extracts from leaf and testa of Ginkgo biolaba had inhibiting effect against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.When 200 mg/ml of testa,mortality of distilled water in the first two days reached 100％,mortality of acetone extract nematode reached 100％.Distilled water and acetone extract nematodes died.Under 20 mg/ml solution of testa,mortality in distilled water and ethanol as extracting reagent reached 84.9％ [Conclusion] Extracts from leaf and testa of Ginkgo biolaba against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus had good inhibiting effect.