战略、战略管理与海关战略管理:一个分析框架的建构

Strategy,Strategic Management and Customs Strategic Management:A Conception of Analytical Framework

海关管理需要战略思想。海关发展战略是海关对其发展所作的带有全局性和方向性的长期规划和行动纲领。如何制定与实施合理的海关发展战略是我国政府和海关界共同关心的重大课题。海关发展战略的选择与设计需要对国内外各种战略理论进行比较研究,结合中国海关的实际,综合运用各种战略分析方法,提出新时期中国海关发展战略理论。考虑海关所面临的环境(优势、劣势、机遇和威胁)和长远发展目标,增强海关的灵活性、能动性和适应性,提高自身竞争力,是海关战略管理最基本的内容。

This paper presents a theoretical discussion on incorporating strategic manage- ment into the study of Customs administration and empirically examines the cases of Customs administrations around the world. The developmental strategy of the Customs refers to the long--term planning and program of action by the Customs Administration. It is essential to study strategic theory and practices in the context of China Customs by manifesting the inter- nal state of Customs administrations as well as influential external developments. Strategic management of the Customs should analyze the circumstance of the Customs development and concentrates on a selection of developmental strategy that affects Customs competitiveness, flexibility, initiative and adaptability. We plead for an analytical framework in using the con- cept of strategic management, which identifies the following stages, strategic planning, strategic implementation and strategic evaluation. It can be used to give a whole picture of the areas where the Customs should direct its energy and provide the requested results, taking account of the available strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.