贸易含义的演进与中国(上海)自由贸易试验区性质探析

On the Evolution of the Meaning of Trade and the Nature of China(Shanghai)Pilot FTZ

贸易的含义本来是指货物贸易,但随着服务业的发展和WTO的成立,贸易的含义就逐步扩大到了服务贸易,涉及投资和知识产权保护领域。自由贸易区有跨国区域型和境内关外型两大类。它们各自的发展都体现了贸易含义从货物贸易向服务贸易、投资自由化以及知识产权保护方面扩大的趋势。中国以往的保税区、保税港区、综合保税区、保税物流园区等基本上还是在货物贸易传统含义下的实践,体现的是海关特殊监管制度。但中国(上海)自由贸易试验区的建立则体现了贸易的新含义,其服务业、投资以及知识产权等方面的措施表明它已经发生本质的变化,这一变化对中国进一步深化改革具有深远的意义。

The meaning of ＇trade＇ refers to trade in goods originally. But with the devel- opment of service and the establishment of WTO, the meaning has gradually expanded to in- elude the domains of trade in service, investment and intellectual property protection. The Free Trade Area can be divided into the type of FTA and the type of FTZ. Their respective development reflects the expansion of the meaning of ＇trade~ from trade in goods to trade in service, intellectual property protection and investment liberalization. The various types of FTZ in China, such as previous bonded zones, bonded port, integrated bonded area, bonded logistics park, are basically the practice in traditional trade meaning, reflecting the special customs supervision system. But the establishment of China （Shanghai） Pilot FTZ reflects the new meaning of trade. The change has occurred when we see from its measures a- bout service, investment and intellectual property right and other aspects. This change has far--reaching significance for China to further deepen the reform.