论法律均衡

On Legal Equilibrium

法律制度的生成、演化与创新既是一个自然历史过程，也是一个以相关制度资源的最佳配置为核心的动态平衡过程。在规范意义上，法律活动将均衡原则作为其最终协调机制和最高秩序依归。“帕累托最优”和“卡尔多－希克斯改进”是评价法律供求均衡的主要理论标准，从法律成本效益分析的角度，可以总结出多种法律均衡模型。但如果法律资源配置不当，就可能陷入“法律低效率”的制度怪圈。现实社会中，由于经济政治结构和意识形态等相关因素不断发展变化，法律的需求随之变动不居，法律的供给也难以达到与需求完全吻合的理想均衡状态。因此，非均衡是绝对的，均衡是相对的。法律供求在非均衡──均衡──非均衡的循环过程中，走向未来。

That legal institutions come into being, evolve and innovate is both a natural, historical process and a process of dynamic equilibrium with the optimum distribution of correlated institutional resources as its core. In the sense of norm, legal activities are carried out in accordance with the principle of equilibrium, for it is the ultimate coordination mechanism and the supreme order to turn to for guidance. 'Pareto superiority' and 'Cartor-Hicks perfect,, are the principal theoretical criteria for evaluating the balance between legal supply and demand, and in terms of an anaysis on beneficial results of legal legal, numerous models of legal equilibrium may.be formulated. However, if there occurs an unsuitable distribution of legal resources, there will arise possibilities of falling into a queer institutional ring of 'low legal efficiency', but in a real society, owing to the constant development and change in the economic-political structure, ideology and other related factors, legal demand is, as a result, in a state of changing without stopping, and legal supply is difficult to arrive at an ideal state of equilibrium in which legal supply and demand have come to tally with each other. It follows that non-equilibrium is absolute, and equilibrium is relative. Legal supply and demand will head for the future hand in hand in a circulatory process of non-equilibrium - equilibrium - non-equilibrium.