摘要
该文就所有制、雇佣劳动的地位和人口因素等三个问题 ,对中国农村经济史研究中往往也是实践中的误区进行了深入的剖析 ,认为应当继续清算所有制的神话和迷信。所有制是历史的产物 ,其本身并没有独立的生命和意识 ,它总要依赖于生产力及社会分工的发展水平 ,总要以国民个体及其发展水平为载体 ,而其价值标准的判定 ,最终也要看能否推动生产力的发展 ,能否改善广大民众的物质生活和精神生活条件。过于重视生产关系的另一例证 ,是在所谓资本主义萌芽研究中片面拔高雇佣劳动史例的作用。资本主义萌芽研究首先应与农业劳动生产率、生产者和市场的交往程度联系在一起 ,而基本依据不是个别史料 ,而是较严整的统计。最后该文批评了人口决定论 ,指出忽视人口问题和将一切不发达的原委都归为人口问题 。
This paper makes a intensely analysis of those misunder standings which always perplexed the rural economic historian, as well as the peasants economic practice in perspectives of the ownership, the status of wage labor and the population factor. It is pointed out that, we must continue to expose and criticize the myth and the blind faith in the ownership. The system of ownership, as an outcome of historical development without independent life and consciousness, depends always upon the development level of productive force and division of labor in society, and takes always the national individual and their development degree as its carrier.Another illustration of overemphasizing the productive relations is many scholars lopsidedly overstated the role of wage labor played in the seeds of capitalism.This research must do according to the more rigorous and complete statistics, not to one or two historical facts. At last, the author points out that population factor in modern China wants a scientific judgment, it is not scientific and reasonable to neglect the population problem or put all the blame on overpopulation for Chinese underdevelopment.
