空调系统微生物种类分析及其温湿度控制

Microbial Species Analysis and Temperature and Humidity Control in Air Conditioning System

以空调通风系统内的积尘伴生微生物为研究对象，对细菌和真菌进行分类鉴定，并通过对其施加不同程度的温湿度干扰，研究空调系统微生物在不同温湿度条件下的生长状况。结果表明，空调通风系统中的积尘伴生细菌G＋细菌占55％，G-细菌占45％，且主要为致病菌，这些细菌在20～35℃、30％～90％RH范围内生长活跃，且随着温度升高和相对湿度增加生长繁殖明显加快，当相对湿度大于80％则更有利于细菌的生长。空调系统积尘伴生真菌有6种，曲霉属、青霉属、枝孢菌属为优势菌，这些真菌可引起过敏反应和霉变，在15～30℃下生长活跃，且在高湿条件下生长良好，相对湿度大于60％真菌生长迅速加快。因此，可通过调节温湿度来控制空调系统中的微生物污染，空调内部温度设置在20-30℃，相对湿度设置30％～60％，可从根本上破坏和消除微生物的滋生条件，有效抑制微生物的生长。

Microbe associated with dust of the air-conditioning ventilation system as the research object was classified and identified. The bacterial and fungi growth in different temperatures and humidity were observed. Results showed that gram- positive bacteria accounted for 55% and gram-negative bacteria accounted for 45% in total bacteria, with pathogens as dominant species. The bacteria of air conditioning ventilation systems were active growth in the temperature range from 20 ℃℃ to 35 ℃ and the relative humidity range from 30% to 90%. When temperature and relative humidity increased, the growth of bacteria significantly speeded up. Moreover, the bacteria grew faster when the relative humidity was greater than 80%. Six kinds of fungi, which can cause allergic reactions and mildew, were detected in the air-conditioning ventilation systems, with Aspergillus, Penicillium and Cladosporium as the dominant bacteria strain. These fungi were actively growing with high humidity and temperature between 15 ℃ and 30 ℃. When the relative humidity was greater than 60%, the fungal growth accelerated rapidly. So the bacterial contamination of air-conditioning system can be controlled by adjusting the temperature and humidity. Internal temperature of air conditioning between 20-30 ℃ and relative humidity from 30% to 60% can effectively inhibit the growth of microorganisms by undermining and eliminating the breeding conditions for microorganisms fundamentally.