实验性高脂蛋白血症前庭损害作用的形态学观察

Morphological evidence of vestibular pathology in experimental hyperlipoproteinemia of quinea pigs

目的：探讨高脂蛋白血症前庭损害作用的机理。方法：喂食豚鼠胆固醇、牛油１３周，建立高脂蛋白血症动物模型、观察前庭终器显微、超微结构的改变。结果：实验动物血ＬＤＬ－ＣＨ、ＨＤＬ３－ＣＨ显著升高，ＨＤＬ２－ＣＨ无明显升高。光镜和扫描电镜下，前庭终器呈非特异性损伤性改变。透射电镜下，除细胞器变性改变外，毛细胞、支持细胞、神经杯内及基膜下结缔组织中毛细血管和微血管内皮细胞中出现脂滴、毛细胞、支持细胞及神经杯内脂褐素颗粒及溶酶体残体增多。结论；除缺血性损害作用以外，高脂蛋白血症的前庭损害作用可能还与前庭组织细胞脂质代谢紊乱有关。

Objective: To find out the mechanism of damagement of hyperlipoproteinemia on the vestibular system. Method: Guinea pigs administered cholesterol, cattle fat for 13 weeks are used as animal models of hyperlipoproteinemia. The histological and ultrastructure changes of vestibular end organs of the animals was studied. Result: The value of sera LDL-CH(low density lipoprotein cholesterol), HDL3-CH (high density lipoprotein cholesterol) were signifiencantly higher than that in the normal, but HDL2--CH was as low as in the normal. Under light microscope and scanning electronic microscope, no special degeneration was found in the vestibular end organs. Under transmission electronic microscope, besides the degeneration of cells, lipid droplets were found in the cytoplasm of hair cells, supporting cells, nerve calyx and endothelial cells of the capillary vessel in the connective tissue under the basilemma of the vestibular sensory epithelium. The lipofuscin granules in the cell became more, too. Conclusion: Besides the shortage of the blood supply, the metabolic disorder of lipid in the histocyte of vestibular end organs may be also responsible for the damage effects of hyperlipoproteinemia on the vestibular system.