茂兰自然保护区景观格局空间变化研究

Research on the Change of Spatial Landscape Pattern in Maolan Nature Reserve

为促进保护区生态环境和地区社会经济的可持续发展，应用2005、2010年茂兰地区高分辨率影像和1：5万地形图，基于ArcGIS、FRAGSTATS软件平台，采用移动窗口法、DEM，对茂兰自然保护区景观格局的空间结构及其演化进行研究。结果表明：1）保护区景观格局呈明显的5个团状高值区，中心区域异质性显著；2）从实验区到核心区，SHDI下降65％，ED降幅46．73％，LSI下降49．71％，PD下降40．21％，同时CONTAG上升43．95％，LPI上升达107．01％，景观由实验区团状、均衡、破碎化，向南部农用地随道路的延伸而镶嵌分布的格局转化，其中缓冲区整体空间密度高，异质性强；3）研究区人工景观集中分布在坡度0°～5°之间，自然景观以35°～45°向两侧递减，5°～25°间面积最小，实验区格局演化呈良性，要防止居民点向陡坡地区蔓延；缓冲区与核心区格局演化呈不合理，缓冲区不但要防止居民点向陡坡地区蔓延，还应合理规划道路、还林还草，提高农用地利用效率；核心区毁林开荒现象较为严重，且农用地利用率低；4）造成格局差异的因素主要包括保护区发展的政策导向、特殊的地理形态以及不合理的土地利用。

To promote the ecological environment in the protection zone and the sustainable development of regional social economy, the study on the spatial structure and evolution of landscape pattern in Maolan Nature Reserve in 2005 and 2010 was conducted by means of the moving window method, DEM based on Arc GIS and FRAGSTATS software with high-resolution images of Maolan and the topographic map with a scale of 1.＇50,000. The results show that： 1） the landscape pattern of the protection zone is of considerably high value in 5 lumps of zones with its central region of significant heterogeneity; 2） from the experimental area to the core area, SHDI decreases by 65 %, ED by 46.73% , LSI by 49.71 % and PD by 40.21% while CONTAG increases by 43. 95% and LPI by 107.01%. The landscape pattern is transformed from the lumped balance and fragmentation in the experimental area to the mosaic distribution with an extension of agricultural land along the road in the south, in which the overall space in the buffer zone is of high density and significant heterogeneity; 3） the artificial landscape in the study area is of concentrated distribution in the slope between 0°-5°, the natural landscape to 35°-45° to decrease on both sides, between 5°-25° of the smallest, experimental pattern evolution are benign, to prevent the spread of residential areas to steep slope region. Buffer and core pattern evolution is unreasonable, the buffer not only prevents the spread of residential areas to steep slope region, reasonable planning roads and fields should also be made. In addition, the efficiency of agricultural land use should be increased; core destroying forest phenomenon is relatively serious, and agricultural land utilization is low; and 4） the factors which result in the differentiated landscape patterns mainly include the policy guidance of the development in the reserve, special geographical form and unreasonable land use.