WebGIS与WSN的林区火险监测系统设计

Design of forest fire monitoring system based on WebGIS and WSN

如何对森林火险进行实时、准确的监测预警,进而为林火的预防和灭火指挥提供决策支持,已成为急待解决的问题。以林区火险灾害预警为背景,应用无线传感器网络(WSN)与网络地理信息系统(WebGIS)技术,设计了一套能够实时对林区火险监测并预警的分布式监测系统,旨在实现火险信息的实时采集、传输、管理、分析和发布等功能。使用带有zigbee网络节点的烟雾传感器、温湿度传感器、风力传感器等模块采集林区环境信息,经过Sink网关汇聚前端节点数据后,通过GPRS(或CDMA)等无线通信方式传送至监控中心,系统监控中心根据接收到的环境数据进行分析和处理,以电子地图的形式展现火险监测和预警情况。介绍了Web地图服务系统结构及WebGIS软件平台,叙述了无线传感器网络的组成及工作原理,给出了本系统的软硬件设计方案及系统具备的主要功能。实验测试结果表明,该系统具有对重点林区的火险情况进行实时监测、火险预警、信息发布服务以及为相关职能部门提供决策支持等功能,具有较好的应用前景。

It has become a pressing issue that how to monitor and warn the forest fire in real-time and ac- curately so that we can make supports for the command of forest fire prevention and fighting. On the background of forest fire disaster warning using the WSN and WebGIS, designs a distributed monitoring system in real-time for monitoring and warning the forest fire. The aim is to achieve the functions of fire information real-time collection, transmission, management, analysis and release, and so on. This system can collect environmental information through modules, such as the smoke sensors, temperature and hu- midity sensors, wind sensors, which have the Zigbee network nodes. After the convergence of front-end node data in the Sink gateway, the data will be sending to the monitoring center via GPRS or CDMA. Ac- cording to the received data, the center will make an analysis and processing, then display the fire moni- toring and warning in the form of electronic map. In the article, introduces the structure of Web map service system and the WebGIS software platform, describes the composition and working principle of WSN, gives the design scheme for the system in hardware and software, and major functions. Experimen- tal results show that the system has the functions for key forest fire situation, for example, in the real-time monitoring, fire warning, information dissemination services as well as providing decision support for the relevant functional departments. It has a good application prospect.