不同肥力和种植密度对黑龙江省中西部地区玉米光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization and Planting Density on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Corn in the Midwest of Heilongjiang Province

[目的]以德美亚1号为材料,研究施肥水平和种植密度对黑龙江省中西部高寒地区玉米光合特性和产量性状的影响。[方法]施肥量设3个水平,种植密度设4个水平。[结果]不同肥力密度组合能够有效调控玉米的光合特性和产量相关性状。适当的肥料供给(纯N 150 kg/hm2,P2O590 kg/hm2,K2O 100 kg/hm2)能提高玉米植株的总光合势及叶绿素含量,最终有助于产量的增加。另外,当种植密度稳定在9万株/hm2时,玉米的光合速率高于其他种植密度条件的玉米,因此达到了较好的产量效果。[结论]玉米种植密度为9万株/hm2且肥力水平为纯N 150 kg/hm2、P2O590 kg/hm2、K2O 100 kg/hm2时玉米相对产量最高,可作为目前黑龙江省中西部高寒地区玉米种植较适宜的肥力和密度条件。

[ Objective ] Effects of different fertilization and density on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of corn in the Midwest of Heilongjiang Province was studied with the variety of Demeiya No. 1 as material. [ Method] Three levels of fertilizer and four levels of planting density were adopted. [ Result] The results showed that photosynthetic characteristics and yield-related traits of corn could be regulated effectively by treatments of different fertilization and density. Appropriate supply of fertilizer （Pure N 150 kg/hm2, P2O5 90 kg/hm2, K2O 100 kg/hm2） could increase photosynthetic potential and total chlorophyll content, and ultimately increase the production of com. In addition, compared to the other planting densities, photosynthetic rate of maize were all higher at the planting density of 90 000/hm2 and achieve the better yield. [ Conclusion] The relative yield of corn is the highest under the condition of corn planting density 90 000/hm2, fertility level pure N 150 kg/hm2, P2O5 90 kg/hm2, K20 100 kg/hm2, which is uitable for corn planting in the Midwest cold regions of Heilongjiang Province currently.