微波协同-等离子体发射光谱分析土壤中重金属的研究

Determination of Heavy Metals by Microwave-Assisted Inductively Couple Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

采用超声波-微波协同对土壤样品进行消解,运用均匀正交试验设计方法对影响试验条件的参数进行了优化,包括酸的类型及其用量、消解功率和消解时间。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES),测定土壤中重金属的含量。测定的重金属元素包括Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Ni、Mn、Co、Fe。在最佳试验条件下(当样品量为0.5 g时,采用过氧化氢0.25 ml、硝酸4 ml、盐酸2 ml的混酸体系,功率为80 Hz,消解时间为10 min),对土壤样品进行消解。结果表明,这种方法简便、准确度高、灵敏度好,能用于实际土壤样品的快速分析。

The conditions of soil samples digested by the ultrasonic and microwave was studied which was optimized with uniform orthogonal experimental design, including the amount of acids, digestion power and digestion time. The heavy metals in the soil were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. In this method, the main elements of the heavy metals include Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Ni, Mn, Co, Fe. Under the optimum experiment conditions （ sample volume 0.5 g, hydrogen peroxide 0.25 ml, hydrogen nitrate 4 ml, hydrochloric acid 2 ml, power 80 Hz, digestion time 10 min）, soil samples were digested. The results showed that it is an easy, high accuracy method with a good of precision for the rapid analysis of solid samples.