沂河山东段水体中重金属的分布与污染评价

Distribution and Pollution Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Water of Yihe River in Shandong Province

[目的]研究沂河山东段水体中重金属Cu、Cr、Pb、Cd、Hg、As的分布和污染状况。[方法]采用ICP-OES法测定了沂河山东段水体中重金属Cu、Cr、Pb、Cd、Hg、As的含量,并利用单因子污染指数法对其进行污染评价。[结果]沂河水体中Cu和Cr含量极低,未检测出;Pb、Cd、Hg、As 4种重金属元素的平均含量分别为0.023 40、0.000 94、0.006 13和0.043 70 mg/L,分别符合国家Ⅲ类、Ⅰ类、劣Ⅴ类和Ⅰ类地表水质标准;由单因子污染指数法评价得出,河水中Pb和Cd单因子污染指数均小于1,为清洁水平;As单因子指数最大值是1.87,最小值是0.22,综合污染指数为1.50,为轻微污染;Hg单因子指数值均在10以上,最大值为135.6,综合污染指数为105.2,沂河山东段水体受到非常严重的Hg污染。[结论]该研究为沂河沿岸人们的健康及畜牧业的发展提供科学依据和防控基础。

[ Objective ] The research aimed to study the distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals （Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, Hg, As） in the water of Yihe river in Shandong province. [ Method] Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry （ICP-OES） method was used to analyze the contents of heavy metals （Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, Hg, As） in the water of Yihe River in Shandong Province, and their pollution risk was assessed by single-factor index method. [ Result] The contents of Cu and Cr was very low, and undetected by ICP-OES,and the average contents of Pb, Cd, Hg, As were 0.023 40,0.000 94,0.006 13 and 0.043 70 mg/L,which could be consonant with the third, first, fifth and first standard of the Chinese Environmental Quality Stand for Surface Water,respectively. By the single-factor index method,the single-factor index of Pb and Cd was all less than 1 ,and proved to be clean leval. The maximum data value of the single-factor index for As was 1.87 ,the minimum was 0.22 ,and the integrated pollution index was 1.50 ,confirmed minor contamination. The single-factor index of Hg was all higher than 10 ,the maximum index was 135.6 ,and the integrated pollution index was 105.2 ,which indicated that the Hg pollution in water of Yihe River in Shandong Province was very serious. [ Conclusion] The study provides the scientific basis and prevention foundation for the peopleg health and the development of animal husbandry of the Yihe River coast.