超重肥胖中学生代谢性疾病风险分析

Risk analysis of metabolic disease in overweight and obesity students in middle school

目的初步分析超重肥胖学生高血脂、糖尿病等相关代谢性疾病的患病风险,为进一步开展肥胖综合干预提供依据。方法在知情同意的前提下,2012年4—5月于北京市海淀区、西城区8所完全中学初一、高一年级399名初筛肥胖的学生,进行身高、体重、血脂、空腹血糖、转氨酶、B超脂肪肝和黑棘皮症的检查,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果 399名学生中,空腹血糖、血脂、肝功能和黑棘皮症等代谢性相关疾病检出1项以上异常的270人,占67.7%;其中血糖偏高58人(14.5%),血脂偏高149人(37.3%),肝功能受损34人(8.5%),黑棘皮症检出66人(16.5%)。超重与肥胖学生空腹血糖、TC、TG、ALT、AST、脂肪肝、肝功损伤、黑棘皮病的异常检出率差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),HDL-C、LDL-C异常检出率差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论肥胖在青少年期就已经开始造成心血管、肝脏等多系统的病变,应以肥胖学生代谢性疾病的相关指标监测与风险评估为切入点,做到早期发现、早期治疗,避免肥胖对健康造成更大的损害。

Objective To assess the risk of metabolic diseases including hyperlipidemia and diabetes among overweight and obese students, which aims to provide scientific basis for comprehensive childhood obesity intervention. Methods After informed consent, about 399 students from 8 high schools in Xicheng and Haidian district in Beijing were selected. Height, weight, blood lipid, fasting blood glucose, aminotransferase, fatty liver and acanthosis nigricans were tested during April-May, 2012. Results Of all the participants, about 67.7% were found at least one abnormal result, including hyperglycaemia 58/270 （ 14.5% ） , hyperlipidemia 149/270 （ 37.3% ）, liver damage 34/270 （ 8.5% ） and acanthosis nigricans 66/270 （ 16.5% ）. Abnormal results in fasting blood glucose, TC, TG, ALT, AST, fatty liver, liver damage and acanthosis nigricans were more detected among overweight and obese group than those with normal weight, however, no group difference was found in HDL-C and LDL-C. Conclusion Childhood obesity is associated with the development of metabolic disease. Thus, children with overweight and obesity need primary consideration, adequate monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment to reduce the burden of metabolic risk.