学术取向:日本“科研费”制度演进与运行的基本逻辑——日本大学高层次科学创新能力形成的一个视角

Academic Orientation:Basic Logic of the Evolution and Operation of Science Research Fund in Japan——One Perspective on the Formation of High-Level Science Innovation Ability in Japanese Universities

"科研费"制度是日本科研经费体系中的重要制度设计,是促进日本大学高层次科学创新能力形成的重要机制。"科研费"制度在一个多世纪的历史演进过程中形成了学术为中心的基本逻辑,通过特定主体建构学术权力的执行和表达机制实现"科研费"制度的学术导向,以研究种目为主要客体的改革实现"科研费"制度的学术目的,把学术标准贯穿于"科研费"制度的实施过程,"科研费"制度的这些学术逻辑取向成为促进日本大学科学创新能力提升的重要机制。JSPS是"科研费"制度的主要执行机构,其组织性质与运行机制的不断转型促成了"科研费"制度的学术逻辑取向。日本"科研费"制度的改革经验对中国科研经费制度改革具有重要借鉴意义。

The science research fund system plays an important role in Japan. It has been promoting high-level science innovation ability in Japanese universities. The system has formed an academic-cen- tered logic during its more than one century of evolution. It achieves its academic orientation by means of a given subject constructing the execution and expression mechanism of academic power. It attains its academic purpose through the innovation of the major subject, with academic standards permeating the implementation of the system. The academic logic orientation of the science research fund has become an important mechanism for improving science research innovation ability of Japanese universities. JSPS is the main executive organization of the system. The constant restructuring of its organization nature and operation mechanism has improved the academic logic orientation of the system. The innovation of the science research fund system has implications for the innovation of the system in China.