多年生小麦杂种F5代分子细胞遗传学鉴定

Molecular Cytogenetic Identification of Perennial Wheat Hybrid at the Fifth Generation

对利用八倍体小偃麦和中间偃麦草杂交获得的多年生小麦杂种F5代中选育的15份材料进行形态学观察和分子细胞遗传学检测。结果表明,大部分材料均含有E组和St组染色体或染色体片段。其中,8份中间型(小偃麦类型)材料具有双亲性状,根系发达、植株繁茂、分蘖多、抗逆性强等;但染色体数目仍不稳定,介于42-56之间,有6份材料具有再生性;7份普通小麦型材料染色体数在41-43之间,虽无再生性,但含有中间偃麦草染色体或染色体片段,具有大穗多花、抗病等特性,可能为E或St组染色体代换或易位材料。以上结果表明决定多年生小麦再生性、抗寒性和多年生特性的基因主要存在于部分E和St染色体上。

The morphology and molecular cytogenetic testing of 15 materials were conducted in F5 generation of perennial wheat hybrids obtained from octoploid Trititrigia and Thinopyrumintermedium hybridization. The results showed that most of the materials were contained in E and St chromosomes or chromosome fragments. Among them, eight intermediate types（Tritelytrigia type）had the parents’ traits, such as developed root system, lush plants, more tillers, and powerful stress resistance, and so on. But the number of chromosomes was remained instability, ranging from 42-56, and there were six materials with renewable trait. In addition, seven common wheat types that the number of chromosomes was between 41-43, they were no regeneration, but contained Thinopyrumintermediate chromosome or chromosome fragment. Those common wheat types had a large and multiflorous spike, disease resistance and other characteristics, which may be E or St chromosome substitution or translocation. These results indicated that the genes of perennial wheat that determined renewable, cold resistance and perennial characteristic were primarily in the part of E and St chromosomes.