上海部分中心城区洗衣行业职业卫生状况调查

The Occupational Health Status of the Laundries in Some Central Districts of Shanghai

:[目的 ]对部分中心城区洗衣行业进行职业卫生状况调查。 [方法 ]选择 2 4家有干洗作业的洗衣房 ,调查其干洗房作业环境卫生状况 ,如干洗房的容积、噪声、排吸风设施等 ;职业性有害物质的状况 ,如干洗剂种类、用量、防护设施及作业环境空气中有害物质的浓度 ;接触工人健康状况检查 (包括主述症状、血常规、血清蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、尿三氯乙酸等 )。 [结果 ]2 4家单位所用干洗剂均为四氯乙烯 ,有直接接触人数 6 9名 ;作业环境空气中四氯乙烯浓度范围从未检出～ 5 6 6 8mg/m3,平均 117 6mg/m3;职工健康检查结果提示 :神经衰弱的相关症状主述率偏高 ,血清蛋白指标异常率偏高 ,谷丙转氨酶未发现有异常者 ,尿三氯乙酸全部未检出。 [结论 ]部分干洗房容积偏小 ,通风不良 ,作业工人长期接触四氯乙烯可能引起神经衰弱及肝功能损害。为保护职工健康 。

Objective] The occupational health status of the laundries in the some central districts of Shanghai was investigated.[Methods] 24 dry laundries with the dry cleaning operation were selected.The environmental monitoring and the health examination of workers engaged in the dry cleaning operation were conducted such as volume of the workshop,noise,ventilation of the laundries;sort and quantity of dry cleaners used and their atmospheric concentrations at laundries; and complaint,routine examination of blood,liver function(SGPT and albumin in serum)in the exposed workers.[Results] The average quantity of dry cleaner tetrachloroethylene used was 138 4kg per month.The levels in the air of laundries were from undetectable to 5668mg/m 3,the average level was 117.6mg/m 3.The health examination of workers revealed a rather high incidence of neurasthenia,the decreases of albumin levels in serum,but the activities of SGPT within the normal ranges.The trichloroacetic acid in the urine was undetectable.[Conclusion] The neurasthenia and lower serum albumin in workers were due to the bad ventilation in the laundries and the chronic exposure of workers to tetrachloroethylene.It was suggested that an administrative regulation on the occupational health in the dry cleaning operation should be set up for the protection of workers' health.