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以神为宾:商周丧祭礼制中人神关系的新考察 被引量:6

Treat the God as Guest:A Fresh Study of Mourning Ritual System in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties.
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摘要 殡礼、宾祭、宾尸、延尸、祊祭、傧尸等礼仪细节体现出,商周丧祭礼制中存在着"以神为宾"的观念。就时间向度而言,丧礼中的死亡者由生到死,其身份渐次呈现出由主人到宾客的转换过程。就空间向度而言,丧祭礼制中行礼双方所处的位置和面向等,寓示着死亡者(受祭者)是处于宾客之位;而孝子自殡礼之后,便以丧主自居,行礼时处于主人之位,开始继承父祖的宗教政治权力。这种新的理解表明,商周时期的人神关系远不如后世理解得那么森严、疏远。 In "three ritual" literature and unearthed ritual text,we can see detailed binli(殡礼),binji(宾祭),binshi(殡尸 ) ,yanshi(延尸) ,fangji(祊祭)and binshi (殡尸). As the etiquette show there existed an idea of "Treating the God as Guest". In the funeral the dead's life changed in time from life to death,his identity from master into guest. In space, the arrangement of the cult salute's position and face implied the dead (those who accept the sacrifice)were guests. And after the funeral ceremony, the dutiful son who presided over the funeral became the man who inherited religious and political power from his father and grandfather. This reality suggests that the relationship between man and god in Shang and Zhou dynasties was far less grimly guarded and alienation as the later guessed.
作者 李志刚
出处 《史学月刊》 CSSCI 北大核心 2014年第4期26-38,共13页 Journal of Historical Science
关键词 商周 以神为宾 殡礼 宾祭 傧尸礼 treat the God as guest binji( 宾祭) binli(殡礼) binshi(殡尸 ) fangji(祊祭) binshi (傧尸)
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