自然灾害与农村经济社会变动研究--以20世纪二三十年代之交陕甘地区旱灾为中心

Research on Natural Disaster and Rural Economic and Social Changes:Focusing on the Drought Disaster in Shaanxi and Gansu Regions at the Turn of the 1920s and 1930s

1928-1930年陕、甘大旱，农村社会经济变动较大。连续干旱导致当地的农业歉收或绝收，灾民大量逃亡，被迫出卖各种生产资料，使得劳动力不足和生产资料严重缺乏；大量耕地被抛荒，导致农村经济恢复十分缓慢。大旱灾之后地价的降低，加速了土地的流转，地权出现集中的趋势。旱灾引起陕甘农村经济破产和农民极端贫困化，使得陕甘乡村社会不再是以士绅为核心的权力网络，而是地方强人控制了乡村社会，陕、甘两省地方政府在灾荒中失去了对乡村社会的有效控制。

During 1928 through 1930 years a heavy drought had hit Shanxi and Gansu region and caused many adjustments in rural society and economy. Sustained drought led to poor crop production, even no harvest, many farming people became refugees. The poor farmers sold their productive materials out of necessity, thus caused insufficient labor and lack of productive materials,and an amount of cultivated land abandoned, those changes further determined slow economic recovery. The lower price of land in the aftermath of the heavy drought disaster accelerated transfer of land property, and land ownership took on a centralizing trend. The bankruptcy of rural economy and extreme poverty caused by the drought made a power shift in Shanxi and Gansu rural society, the gentry-centered society became the strongman-centered society, the local government had lost the control of rural society.