微藻碳水化合物生产生物燃料的研究进展

Research progress of microalgae-based carbohydrates for biofuel production

化石能源的不可再生性和使用过程中造成的环境污染使开发新能源变得非常迫切。微藻因为生长速度快,固定二氧化碳能力强,碳水化合物积累量高,近年来成为生物燃料生产的研究热点。微藻碳水化合物制备生物燃料极具潜力,但规模化培养为制约其发展的瓶颈。本文总结了微藻碳水化合物的组成及代谢,介绍了微藻碳水化合物的酶水解、化学和超声等预处理方法,比较分析了酶糖化和化学糖化特点,简述了传统的厌氧消化、活性污泥发酵技术用于微藻碳水化合物制备生物燃料的循环利用优势,对微藻碳水化物制备生物液、气态燃料的研究进展、经济性和产业化前景进行了综述。提出了微藻碳水化合物制备生物燃料需要以更经济、有效的糖化和发酵技术为未来研发方向。

Environmental pollution and the utilization of unrenewable fossil energy source encourage people to explore new energy source. Recently, more attentions have been paid to microalgae-based carbohydrates for biofuel production due to the fast growth, the efficient carbon dioxide fixation and the high carbohydrate accumulating potential of microalgae. Utilization of microalgal-based carbohydrates feedstock for biofuel production has the great potential, but culture scale-up becomes development bottleneck. In this paper, the composition and metabolism of microalgal-based carbohydrates are summarized. The methods of the pretreatment of microalgal-based carbohydrates are introduced, such as hydrolyzation, chemical, ultrasound and so on. In addition, the characteristics of enzymatic and chemical saccharification are comparatively analyzed. Recycling advantages of traditional anaerobic digestions and activated sludge fermentation methods with microalgae carbohydrates for biofuel production are resumed. Moreover, research progress in microalgal-based carbohydrates in producing liquid, gaseous biofuels, economy and industrialization foregrounds are reviewed. Finally, the paper makes a primary summary that more economical, efficient saccharification and fermentation technology shall be the future focus of research and development in microalgal-based carbohydrates for biofuel production.