本质安全化设计在硝酸氧化醇工艺中的应用

Application research on inherently safer design in nitric acid oxidation of alcohol

硝酸氧化醇的反应大多为强放热反应,具有很高的反应热失控危险性。本文在本质安全原理的指导下,结合工艺热危险性分析理论,提出通过适当提高反应温度、改变反应混合性以及强化反应器加料模式3种设计方案来降低硝酸氧化仲辛醇反应工艺的危险性,改善工艺本质安全化水平。同时,根据本质安全评估指标及赋值方式,构建出本质安全化设计影响度的评估模型,并利用该模型验证了3种设计方案对于提高该工艺本质安全化程度的合理性。结果表明:适当提高反应温度、改变反应混合性、强化反应器加料模式分别使该工艺的本质安全化程度提高了约11.7%、12.8%、10.7%。同时,本文提出的3个设计方案在提高该工艺本质安全化程度上主要体现在"最小化"和"缓和"这两个本质安全原理上。

The majority of nitric acid oxidation of alcohol reactions are strong exothermic reaction and thermal runaway is easy to occur. Therefore, inherently safer design is demanded to eliminate or reduce the reaction hazards. This work demonstrated the performance of three inherently safer designs in nitric acid oxidation of 2-octyl alcohols process combined with inherent safety guidewords and the thermal safety analysis theories. Three inherently safer designs were the increase of reaction temperature advisably （ Design I ）, lower the liquid immiscibility （ Design II ） and temperature - charging interlock （ Design III ）. The assessment model of inherent safety level was built based on the inherent safety evaluation indicators and their assignment modes, and the rationality of three designs was validated by the assessment model. The results showed that the inherent safety degree of the process was improved by the three inherently safer designs by about 11.7%, 12.8% and 10.7%, respectively. Meanwhile, three designs were based on ＂minimize＂ and ＂moderation＂ principles in improving the inherent safety degree of process.