血管性痴呆危险因素及发病机制的研究进展

Study Progress of the Risk Factors and Pathogenesis of Vascular Dementia

血管性痴呆现已经成为一个重要的公共卫生问题,以缺血缺氧性或出血性脑损伤造成的病理组织学损伤和进行性智能减退为特征。血管性痴呆是仅次于阿尔茨海默病的第二大痴呆类型,其发病率逐年增加。血管性痴呆的确切的发病机制还不是很清楚,但目前公认脑缺血缺氧是血管性痴呆的主要病因。海马是学习记忆的重要结构,并且对脑缺血缺氧极其敏感。因此,脑缺血缺氧极易导致海马神经元凋亡,从而使学习记忆能力下降。目前,血管性痴呆是唯一一种可以防治的痴呆。因此,对血管性痴呆危险因素和发病机制的研究具有重要意义。

Vascular dementia（VD） has already become a major public health problem, which is charac- terized by histophathological damage and progressive intellectual decline produced by ischemic hypoxia or hemorrhage brain lesion. VD is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer＇s disease and its incidence is increasing year by year. The exact pathogenesis of VD is not completely clear, but currently it is generally accepted that brain ischemia-hypoxia is the main cause of VD. The hippocampus is an important structure for learning and memory, and extremely sensitive to cerebral ischemia-hypoxia. Therefore, cerebral ischemia-hypoxia can easily lead to apoptosis of hippocampal neurons ,thus the decline in learning and memory ability. Currently, VD is the only dementia which can be prevented and treated. Therefore, the study on the risk factors and pathogenesis of VD has great significance.