汉语方言阴调与阳调调值比较类型及其地理分布

A Comparison of Pitches of Dark Tone and Light Tone in Chinese Dialects and the Relevant Geographical Distribution

本文利用北京语言大学语言研究所"汉语方言地图集数据库"930个汉语方言调查点的材料,对汉语方言古清平与浊平、清上与浊上、清去与浊去、清入与浊入今声调的调值的最高点、最低点进行比较,绘制方言特征地图反映各种类型的地理分布。本文的研究证明,在平、上、去、入各调类里,"阴高阳低"是最重要的类型,"阴低阳高"是一种后起的音变现象。最后,文章对"阴低阳高"的地理分布特点、演变方式等问题进行了分析。

The paper uses the databank of Linguistic Atlas of Chinese Dialects housed in the Institute of Linguistics of Beijing Language and Culture University, and compares the tone class termed dark （陰 yin or tone of Qieyun voiceless initials） and that termed light （陽 yan or tone of Qieyun voiced initials） as well as their pitches. Based on the geographical maps and histograms, this paper points out that the tone pitch of Yin is higher than that of Yang, which is the main type in Ping tone, Shang tone, Qu tone, and Ru tone, while the Yin tone is lower than that of Ydng, which is a new phenomenon of tone changes. It also describes the geographical distribution of tonal types in Linguistic Atlas of Chinese Dialects and analyzes the relevant problems.